Topics: uowtuafjlasj. Collection: opensource. The first and second legacy editions—and their extensive supplement lines—are available PDF preview of the big, fantastic hardbound 2nd Edition of Unknown Armies. Download an Unknown Armies web banner for your own site! Trust, but verify 6 Pre-Construction is the premise of the BEC, and a properly educated and Verifying the design through detailed and effective trained design professional is uniquely qualified to serve submittal review, followed by the construction and subse- the BECxA and steward of that process.
In order to achieve a fully integrated, high- Construction performance building—one in which the design of the Validating the construction by working closely with the building enclosure reaches beyond the aesthetic and individual contractors and trades to periodically review begins to support and enhance the comfort and produc- and evaluate the work in progress, as well as to provide tivity of the end user—it is critical that issues of service- technical guidance and quantifiable field quality assurance ability, durability and performance receive the same testing at critical stages throughout the construction process; weight as those associated with programming, massing, Post-Occupancy site orientation, and climate.
These concepts are inextri- Improving performance and the future of truly sustain- cably linked, of course, and must be fully considered able design through a carefully crafted, well-conceived during the early stages of a project, when ideas are post-occupancy performance evaluation program that promulgated and images begin to form. The traditional analyzes actual performance in a manner that is quantifi- Commissioning process has long held that optimum able and can be accurately measured against the perform- building performance can be achieved through the proper ance objectives established at the outset of a project the design, balancing and operation of base-building necessary evolution of good design practice will rely mechanical systems.
The BECx process builds upon that heavily upon this step. It is a building enclosure systems and technologies continue to concept worth repeating, if only to underscore the critical evolve and the limitations that often exist during the need to re-establish first-principles thinking to the design design process to properly evaluate and apply those and construction of our built environment.
As the technologies ; and b mandating that a design profes- following case study will attest, the BECx process offers sional well-versed in building enclosure design and, more an opportunity for design and construction teams to re- critically, failure, are given seats at the table and an oppor- embrace that principle, and to establish quantifiable tunity to positively influence the direction and outcome metrics for performance testing and validation that of a project.
In its purest form, the BECx process can be demand accountability at every stage of the design and summarized as follows: construction process. As a symbolic representation of the owner framing to reduce the use of wood and increase the and its mission a not-for-profit, environmental advocacy insulation value of the structure. A ground tions have been widely recognized as unique and source heat pump is used in conjunction with a desic- successful by design professionals and the sustainable cant dehumidification unit to eliminate the need for a design community.
Interior sensors on the interior measure the rated into the building enclosure created a series of light supplied from the windows and, when sunlight is challenges for the owner with regard to the long-term abundant, the amount of electric lighting is minimized. The absence of interior walls and finishes a coastal environment on the eastern shore of the U. A great majority 80 percent of the materials were found within a building is exposed to large volumes of wind-driven rain mile radius of the site.
Materials incorporated included and to high humidity during the summer months. The cork flooring and bamboo for stairs and flooring. This adhesives, natural materials, and direct venting and non is accomplished by several means including the use of re-circulating air in rooms where chemicals might be waterless urinals and composting toilets.
An extensive used. Operable windows have an indicator light at the rainwater collection system filters and recycles base to indicate when environmental conditions are rainwater for fire suppression, hand-washing, mop right for windows to be opened.
Hot water is fiberglass window systems and SIPs. The SIPs consist provided by a solar hot water heater, which reduces primarily of a center core of rigid insulation board energy consumption. In the context of sustainable design, climate, as well as to the manner in which those materials this was especially noteworthy in that the advantages would be detailed at each of the facade interface condi- relative to the LEED rating system that may have been tions to produce a fully integrated, weather-tight building associated with the use of SIPs, parallam wood structural enclosure.
In addition, because the building would elements, wood batten strips and similar energy-efficient remain occupied and in use throughout the repair and renewable resources also appeared to have further process, we recommended that the repairs be carried out complicated the already difficult task of properly in a manner that would allow for full implementation installing and integrating these materials into a fully from the exterior, with minimal interruption to the daily use and occupancy of the building.
Striking an effective functional building enclosure. Given the relatively rapid devel- opment of in-service warping, twisting and checking of Following this recommendation, the architect developed a these products evident during our investigation, we series of facade details that would, in essence, enable the concluded that the somewhat unique use of wood primary drainage plane for the exterior wall system to products on this project, while effective in conveying the reside inboard of the exposed wood spandrel panels and design intent of the architect and vision of the owner, batten strips.
In this configuration, it was determined that nonetheless created a building enclosure that, in our the impact of continued in-service deterioration of the judgment, was extremely vulnerable to moisture-related wood facade elements on the weather-tight integrity of deterioration and, as such, would very likely be difficult the building enclosure would be significantly reduced or and costly to effectively maintain, requiring frequent and eliminated, thereby enabling the facade to function and carefully monitored routine maintenance and periodic appear as originally intended by the architect while also replacement of wood facade elements by the owner.
The repairs were designed and success- occurred on the project since substantial completion, as fully implemented in the year following our investigation, well as our own field water penetration testing at repre- and to the best of our knowledge, have restored the sentative sections of the building facades, the following weather-tight integrity and intended performance of the conditions were determined to be the primary sources of above-grade building enclosure without sacrifice to the rainwater penetration on this building: original LEED Platinum rating awarded the property.
However, the language in current construction documents for this project. The construc- addressed uncontrolled rainwater penetration at this tion documents shall provide details of the exterior property without significant sacrifice to the fundamental wall enclosure as required, including flashing, intersec- principles of USGBC that formed the basis of this project tions with dissimilar materials, corners, end details, and initial rating.
The informed objectives established for energy use, supporting documentation shall fully describe the serviceability and overall building performance in the exterior wall system which was tested, where appli- name of sustainable design. While it is difficult to cable, as well as the test procedure used. Assessment to the U. Congress and U. In defense of this practice, one architect opined: 3. Arch thesis completed at Iowa State detailed and annotated documents. Lstiburek, J.
Bomberg, M. See the example, Magwood, C. New Society Publishers Butters, F. State Board of Registration v. Rogers, Miss. Others aspire to anticipated and actual forcing functions. And most owners expect their buildings to yield attractive rates of In this definition: return on investment. The of valid parameters and values of human responses intent of this article is to explore this issue by reviewing e.
If buildings are designed, constructed and operated for this purpose, the natural consequences are effective use of energy, environmental and financial About the Author resources.
Conversely, if promises and policies are made James E. In he retired as the safety, health, security, and economic risks are likely to William E. Jamerson Professor of Building increase. Woods has served as a consultant to design To credibly account for how well a building is achieving engineering and architectural firms, utility companies, state energy its two-fold purpose at any time during its useful life, agencies, the U.
General Services Administration, and many other objective methods for measuring and evaluating private and public agencies. Prevent adverse health and safety effects during This definition of building performance does not normal and extraordinary or emergency operational presume a predetermined quality of performance.
Provide for desired conditions of human response, that promise a certain quality of performance e. Buildings must be resilient: they must Objectives and Principles of perform under normal forcing functions during their Sustainable Design from the entire useful lives, and be prepared to effectively respond Whole Building Design Guide11 during and after the occurrence of extraordinary forcing functions caused by relatively short periods of natural disasters, accidental incidents and intentional events.
Avoid resource depletion of 1. Optimize site potential. Optimize energy use. Prevent environmental 3. Protect and conserve water. Use environmentally facilities and infrastructure preferred products. As an throughout their life cycles. Enhance indoor environ- 3. Create built environments mental quality IEQ.
It able, safe and productive. Optimize operations and maintenance procedures. A outdoor and indoor environmental control, are similar to flow diagram of this resiliency is shown in Figure 1.
They promise a certain quality of performance A building is subject to vulnerabilities under normal as through design without defining the constellation of well as under extraordinary conditions which may be forcing functions or a set of responses in measurable markedly different.
An energy efficient system during terms that can be used to evaluate the actual building normal conditions may prove to have very high vulnera- performance under normal or extraordinary conditions.
No building can Moreover, these objectives and principles appear to invert avoid a level of residual risk which remains no matter the control priority established by the Maslow Hierarchy what the desire to eliminate all risk. Rather, this residual of Needs and to exacerbate the risks in promising sustain- risk needs to be managed. In fact, the resiliency of a able building performance. As typically advocated, these building is its capacity to minimize this residual risk so objectives and principles tend to focus first on minimizing that it can quickly return to its proper functional reason the impact of building performance on climate change and for being.
Conversely, beyond that shown in Table 1. Therefore, integration of the objectives and building. If an important function of the building is for it terrorist incidents. Therefore, before, during and after accidental both the physical and social factors of a building must be incidents e. In is assured to be in compliance with other, rarer cases, either the physical or the social factors standards and policies, the physical and will dominate. According to the Energy Information This average value consistently has been 43 percent Agency of the U.
Department of Energy,13 approximately higher than the energy goals that have been set since 4. These are labeled in Figure built.
This would the number and size of the buildings: be a very unwelcome outcome. IEQ is social and motivational factors in delivering the function- dependent on both physical and social factors. It may be much acceptable indoor environmental quality have been more important for an owner to do what is necessary to reported to exceed 30 percent in both the private and increase his or her productivity than to worry about the public sectors.
In the s, the U. General energy expenditure if increased productivity has the Accountability Office USGAO reported that 58 percent greater impact on profitability. In the latter example, the of the approximately , K schools in the U. High Investment in Social Factors Low Low Physical Factors High Woods, able methods to deal with productivity issues related to are retiring, and how much should be directed to mold the building rather than decreases in energy consumption.
If little an option. This protocol focuses on the interception of contin- functions and response functions must be objectively uous degradation through building diagnostics, and defined and quantitatively measured. Through the process of building diagnostics, the rate of Risks associated with the unintended consequences and degradation in building performance e.
The primary causes of these risks and vulnerabilities, energy and economic deficiencies may be lack of measured performance data and the means can be detected and intercepted to protect occupants and methods to collect them.
Once credible data become and assets. Cost-effective interventions can then be identified, and extraordinary conditions will be able to verify that the designed and implemented for normal conditions, and buildings are quantitatively performing in accordance with emergency responses can be implemented for extraor- the appropriate criteria, which may not yet be developed.
Accountability for the performance of a building is not a 3. The interventions go through a process of building new issue, but it has become a nebulous function during commissioning to assure proper installation and opera- design, construction and operations of buildings. It is tion using building diagnostics procedures, to assure certainly not a term that is easily found in contracts for that the healthy building status has been regained.
A major issue is: for what are the designer, 4. If the promises are achieved and verified documentation. As shown bility. Only by measuring and verifying should be considered as a cycle. One might even say this is the 4. Atlanta, Ga. The bottom line is that verifiable assurance of the promised building performance allows the owner to 6.
Real Estate Issues, Vol. Woods, J. Sensharma, et al. Op cit. Maslow, A. Van Also see Woods, J. April , pp. World Health Organization. Helsinki, Finland, Volume 3, pp. Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey. Sensharma, N. Department of Energy, Washington, D. Bezdek, R. Issues, Vol. First presented by Woods, J. The is the surety. In fact, sureties act as a basic backstop three parties to the bond are the surety company, the against the possibility that a project will get derailed due owner and the contractor.
The bond, in part, guarantees to the inability of a contractor or subcontractor to fulfill to the owner that the contractor will perform the the terms of the contract with the owner or higher-tier construction project per the requirements of the contract. Sureties allow the owner to defray his or her If the contractor fails to perform the contract, the owner risk for failure of contract performance and the concomi- may call upon the surety to step in and complete the tant delays and financial difficulties that ensue.
To project or correct project deficiencies. This usually occurs manage risk, large and complex projects require the when the contractor does not meet the contractual services that a surety bonding regime can offer, while the requirements, performs defective work or does not have largest projects, including infrastructure projects, cannot the financial wherewithal to complete a project.
There are even be contemplated without adequate bonding. This allows the of contract terms, they play an important role in guaran- owner to displace much of the financial risk onto the teeing building performance. Their role is increasingly surety company if the contractor fails to perform. A surety is usually a large financial institution that issues a bond to About the Author assure a set of contractual obligations.
In the construction context, these are most often seen as bonds to assure the Bryan M. He also worked as an architect in Chicago types of performance and payment risks, almost all before becoming an attorney.
Seifert has lectured governmental projects on the federal, state and municipal and published extensively on surety and performance issues related to sustain- level statutorily require the use of surety bonds as a result able building and construction risk management and is a contributing editor of the passage of the Federal Miller Act and the Little for the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.
Miller Acts adopted by the states. How can a surety, as Sustainable building rating systems and benchmarks secondary obligor, be required to guarantee the obligation have been legislated in numerous states, municipalities of building certification when that obligation does not lie and counties throughout the United States.
Many federal in the hands of any one party? What effect will these agencies also require the use of sustainable building obligations have upon the many parties implicated by the rating systems. As sustainable building becomes fixed bond? Finally, will the that has implicated the surety is the District of District agency actually track the performance of the Columbia Green Building Act of , which mandates buildings in a meaningful manner, and if they are non- the use of a surety product that does not currently exist performing, what types of recourse are available to the in the marketplace.
District and the owner or developers? The D. Act requires certain public and private projects This type of legislation involves a fundamental misunder- to meet the U. Rather than legislate a payable prior to receipt of a certificate of occupancy. The performance bond to guarantee a quantifiable goal based D.
Act sets the penal sum1 of the performance bond at on an objective standard for which the bond is written, an arbitrary rate of between two and four percent of the the District has chosen to legislate a particular prescrip- total construction price depending on the square footage tive rating system with attendant unknown risks. Bitcoin Market Cap Vs! Minecraft - Pocket Edition v0. Posted in Download, Game Tagged cara download game ppsspp, Download Game Ppsspp, download game ppsspp cso, download game ppsspp gta, download game ppsspp iso ukuran kecil, download game ppsspp naruto, download game ppsspp pes , download….
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