Behaviour is used to model a generic task, and is spe- cialized into CompositeBehaviour and SimpleBehaviour. SimpleBehaviour models simple tasks, namely tasks that are not decomposed into sub-tasks.
Figure 3. There is also an association towards the class Codec, which represents the tool used to codify and decodify ACL messages and is internally called by the JADE framework. A set of agents share an Agent- Toolkit, namely the place where they live and execute: a typical example of agent toolkit is the JADE container. JADE is provided with a content reference model, depicted in Figure 3.
A Predi- cate is an expression that says something about the status of the world and can be either true or false. A Term is an expres- sion identifying both abstract and concrete entities, that exist in the world and that the agents talk and reason about.
A Primitive represents atomic entities such as strings and integers. A Variable is an expression used to indicate a generic element not known a-priori. As well as the class Term is used to represent entities, the class ContentElement is introduced to express the content of an ACL mes- sage, and the class Predicate derives from it.
ContentElementList is used to indicate a list of content elements. JADE ontologies have to deal with predicates, concepts, and agent actions. TuCSoN supports agent communication and coordination by means of tuple centres, exploited as coordination media [13]: these are shared and reactive information spaces, distributed over the infrastructure nodes.
Agents access tuple centres in an associative way, by means of the tuples that are stored in the tuple centre, and performing write, read, and consume operations. Events can be both t riggers exectuion of Event internally generated and perceived from the tuple centre.
The Agent Coordination Context ACC , introduced in [21] as the con- ceptual place where to set the boundary between the agent and the envi- ronment, encapsulates the interface enabling agent actions and perceptions inside the environment. The ACC dynamics is characterised by two basic steps: negotiation and use. The agent can then use the ACC to interact with other agents in the organisation, and with the organisation environment, by performing the actions and activating the perceptions made possible by the ACC.
Globally, the MARS archi- tecture is made up of a multiplicity of independent tuple spaces, each one associated to a node and accessed by the agents locally executing in that node. Therefore, the only requirement to integrate MARS with a mobile agent system is to make the agent server - in charge of accepting and ex- ecuting incoming agents on a node - supply agents with a reference to the local MARS tuple space.
MARS reactions are entities, whose implementation code represents the code of the reaction. Putting and extracting tuples from the meta-level tuple space either via a graphical administration interface provided with MARS or by means of authorized agents means installing and de-installing, respectively, reactions associated to events at the base-level tuple space.
For example, the 4-ple ReactionObj, null, read, null in the meta-level tuple space associates the reaction of the ReactionObj instance to all read operations, whatever the tuple type and content and the agent identity. A meta-level pattern-matching mechanism is activated for any access to the base-level tuple space, to detect the presence of reactions to be executed i.
This can be used to exploit the base-level tuple space as a repository of reaction state information, in addition to the state that the reaction object can store as part of its state. As a consequence, the behavior of the reaction can depend both on the actual content of the tuple space and on past access events.
Also, when the reaction executes, it has the availability of either the result of the matching mechanism issued by the associated operation, or the template with which an input operation was invoked. A meta-model of the infrastructure is presented in Figure 3. TOTA as- sumes the presence of a network of possibly mobile nodes, each running a tuple space [13]: each agent is supported by a local middleware and has only a local one-hop perception of its environment. Nodes are connected only by short-range network links, each holding references to a limited set of neighbour nodes: so, the topology of the network, as determined by the neighbourhood relations, may be highly dynamic.
Thus, TOTA tuples form a sort of spatially-distributed data structure, that can be used to acquire contextual information about the environment and to support the mechanisms required for stigmergic interaction [27].
RoleX can easily associated to Java agent platforms by adapting the few platform-dependent classes. In- teractions among agents are then represented by couples action-event, which are dealt with by the underlying interaction system, which can enforce local policies and rules.
A descriptor is an object that describes a role, an action or an event, for example with some keywords, an aim, a version, a creation date and any further needed piece of information. Event descriptors tell the kind and the context of the occurred event, but not how to manage it.
Role descriptors describe what such role does but not how with which operations it is done. A role descriptor includes also the descriptors of the corresponding actions and events. Using descriptors, the agent programmer does not need to know which is the physical class that implements a role, but only the descriptor of the role to be searched for. The descriptors are useful also for hiding to the agent the physical location of the role implementation, allowing agent programmers to disregard about the work of role programmers, and viceversa, because the role behavior is described in a separate way.
The idea is simple: an agent that wants to assume a new role, after querying the role descriptor database, asks the role loader to reload itself with the new role. If everything is right, the role loader sends the agent an event to indicate that the agent has been reloaded. After the reload event the agent can resume its execution. To release a role, the process is the same, but this time the agent is reloaded without that role.
The programmers do not know anything about the role implementation but know by the descriptors, which actions can be used, and which events can occur. In the following, we focus on the action use, because the man- agement of the events is similar and simpler.
The use of descriptors means that the programmer cannot write code that invokes methods corresponding to role actions in the usual way, because a compile-time error will occur. The execution of an operation typically causes the update of the internal state of an artifact, and the generation of one or more observable events: these are then collected by the agents sensors and perceived by means of explicit sensing actions.
In order to support a rational exploitation of artifacts by intelligent agents, each artifact is equipped with a function description, i.
Workspaces make it possible to structure agents and artifacts organisation and interaction: in particular, workspaces can function as scopes for event generation and perception, as well as for artifact access and use. In addition to workspaces, CArtAgO also introduces the concept of work- place as an organisational layer on top of workspaces. Each word has a number. So we put: 'small' means the Opposite of word No. Now continue, putting in each time the number of the right word from the list.
Now continue underlining just TWO words in the brackets connected in the same sort of way as the two words outside the brackets. Did you know that liberals score higher than conservatives? Not that I would care since I am neither. Page 1 of 3 1 2 3 Last Jump to page:. The largest bodybuilding archive in the world! The Mensa Test In this article, we will see how to take ownership in Windows 10 and get full access to files and folders.
Replaced with docs. How to Upload and Download on Adrive Website. ADrive is another cloud file-management and storage service available on multiple platforms. It can be accessed from a desktop with its desktop application. Use collections to create dynamic asset groupings for planning and collaboration.
To upload file to your website you need a FTP software. Automated mapping from goal models to self-adaptive systems [PDF] from unitn. Tool-supported development with tropos: The conference management system case study [PDF] from pp. Using the results of this usability study, we collect … Related articles — All 3 versions.
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