Solid Liquid Separation includes important industrial processes used for recovery and processing of solids or purification of liquids.
Most of the process industries in which particulate slurries are handled use some form of solid-liquid separation and yet the subject is not adequately covered in most higher education courses.
This book is designed to bring the readers up-to-date on the principles and industrial practices of solid-liquid separation and washing technology. Particular attention is given to hardware and to its evaluation, application and selection. Whilst not exclusively concerned with filtration and sedimentation, these operations will be dealt with in depth.
Important variations in the available equipment will be discussed throughout the book with emphasis on basic engineering concepts, equipment selection and evaluation, solids washing, methods of pre-treatment, filter aids and other practical aspects of mechanical separation.
This book is intended for engineers and scientists of graduate status who are engaged in design, production for research and development. Whilst not exclusively concerned with filtration and sedimentation, these operations are dealt with in depth. Important variations in the available equipment are discussed throughout the book with emphasis on basic engineering concepts, equipment selection and evaluation, solids washing, methods of pre-treatment, filter aids and other practical aspects of mechanical separation.
Academic library purchase, and Professional Market purchase - author runs courses at which the book will be compulsory. Fellow of Institution of Chemical Engineers. If such events occur, they may contradict the goal of maximizing the share price of the equity of the firm. Such organizations frequently pursue social or political missions, so many different goals are conceivable. One goal that is often cited is revenue minimization; i. A better approach might be to observe that even a not-for-profit business has equity.
Thus, one answer is that the appropriate goal is to maximize the value of the equity. Presumably, the current stock value reflects the risk, timing, and magnitude of all future cash flows, both short-term and long-term. If this is correct, then the statement is false. An argument can be made either way.
At the one extreme, we could argue that in a market economy, all of these things are priced. At the other extreme, we could argue that these are non-economic phenomena and are best handled through the political process. What should the firm do? The goal will be the same, but the best course of action toward that goal may be different because of differing social, political, and economic institutions.
The goal of management should be to maximize the share price for the current shareholders. However, if the current management cannot increase the value of the firm beyond the bid price, and no other higher bids come in, then management is not acting in the interests of the shareholders by fighting the offer.
Since current managers often lose their jobs when the corporation is acquired, poorly monitored managers have an incentive to fight corporate takeovers in situations such as this. We would expect agency problems to be less severe in other countries, primarily due to the relatively small percentage of individual ownership. Fewer individual owners should reduce the number of diverse opinions concerning corporate goals. The high percentage of institutional ownership might lead to a higher degree of agreement between owners and managers on decisions concerning risky projects.
The increase in institutional ownership of stock in the United States and the growing activism of these large shareholder groups may lead to a reduction in agency problems for U.
How much is too much? Who is worth more, Larry Ellison or Tiger Woods? The simplest answer is that there is a market for executives just as there is for all types of labor. Executive compensation is the price that clears the market. Breaking Azeotropes with Other Separators 8. Binary Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation Processes 8. Steam Distillation 8.
Pressure-Swing Distillation Processes 8. Complex Ternary Distillation Systems 8. Extractive Distillation 8. Azeotropic Distillation with Added Solvent 8.
Summary—Objectives 9. Introduction to Batch Distillation 9. Batch Distillation: Rayleigh Equation 9. Simple Binary Batch Distillation 9.
Constant-Mole Batch Distillation 9. Batch Steam Distillation 9. Multistage Binary Batch Distillation 9. Multicomponent Simple Batch Distillation 9. Summary—Objectives Staged Column Equipment Description Tray Efficiencies Column Diameter Calculations Balancing Calculated Diameters Sieve Tray Layout and Tray Hydraulics Valve Tray Design Introduction to Packed Column Design Packings and Packed Column Internals Packed Column Flooding and Diameter Calculation Economic Trade-Offs for Packed Columns Equipment Costs Basic Heat Exchanger Design Design and Operating Effects on Costs Changes in Plant Operating Rates Energy Conservation in Distillation Absorption and Stripping Equilibria Stripping Analysis for Dilute Systems Efficiencies Column Diameter Dilute Multisolute Absorbers and Strippers Matrix Solution for Concentrated Absorbers and Strippers Extraction Processes and Equipment Dilute, Immiscible, Countercurrent Extraction Dilute Fractional Extraction Concentrated Immiscible Extraction Mass Transfer and Diffusion.
Single Equilibrium Stages and Flash Calculations. Summary References Study Questions Exercises. Cascades and Hybrid Systems. Absorption and Stripping of Dilute Mixtures. Distillation of Binary Mixtures. Liquid—Liquid Extraction with Ternary Systems. Approximate Methods for Multicomponent, Multistage Separations. Enhanced Distillation and Supercritical Extraction. Batch Distillation.
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